The Senior Year Of Basketball Success - 935 Words

I walked off the floor with sweat dripping from my hair. So many thoughts flew through my head that I couldn’t focus on anything. My junior year of basketball felt like it ended as quickly as a blink. It was as if in seconds we went from the stars of the state tournament to the embarrassments of it. I tried to forget the disappointment of it but it still will not leave. My desire and love to win games comes from the more apparent hatred of losing them. Junior year we had a chance to win a state championship, but we lost that chance. That was when I realized that I had one chance left to win. Senior year our basketball success would only be as rewarding as we would make it. The pressure placed on ourselves was substantial, and we faced trials on the road to success. In the end, we stood alone, crowned as the champions, not letting our chance slip away. I walked onto the court for warmups and the routine shots and drills performed seemed pointless. Our opponents did not have a single player that was closer than 3 inches to my height so I expected to have a successful game. We all believed that we would win the game, and most probably expected to dominate. We were hit by a rude awakening as our opponents torched the nets shooting the ball, and we uncharacteristically made mistake after mistake. By then end of the quarter, the scoreboard read 23 to 9 and we were not the happy leaders. Our coaches told us, â€Å"Stay positive, and play hard. We will be ok in this game if we playShow MoreRelated Exemplification Essay: The Dead-end of Professional Sports1104 Words   |  5 Pages In 1995 Scotty Thurman was on top of the world. Thurman led the Arkansas Razorbacks to a NCAA basketball championship with one great performance after another. After this miracle season, Thurman made a decision that would change his fortunes. Rather than come back for his senior year and get his degree, he elected to make himself eligible for the NBA draft. 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Should Government Support Higher Education For Students...

Higher Education Should government support higher education for students who attend college? The opportunity to gain a college education helps advance the American ideals of progress and equality which is one great reason that the government should support higher education for students who attend college. The precedent for direct aid to students; however, was set by the 1944 G.I. Bill, and expanded in the National Defense Education Act of 1958. Moreover; the Higher Education Act of 1965, which formed the basis for the current federal student aid system, embodied the principle that all qualified students should be able to attend college, regardless of their financial means (Nisar, 2015). Another; great benefit government should consider when supporting such policy for higher education is that a college education benefits not only the individual, but the country and economy as a whole. A highly educated work force is an essential component of economic growth and competitiveness; in fact, it is estimated that increases in national educational attainment have accounted for almost 30% of the growth in national income in the 20th century. Additionally; because those with a higher education earns more, they can also save more, have less unemployment and makes fewer demands on the public purse while paying more taxes. When the government helps students attend college, it invests in our nation’s future and ensures that students are prepared with the skills to perform the jobs of theShow MoreRelatedFederal Student Aid s Primary Goal932 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. government has created a new strategy to make colleges more affordable for low income students. Federal student aid’s primary goal is to help as many students attend college as possible. Financial aid and Pell Grants help low income students who meet certain academic criteria cover the costs of tuition. Low income students are getting a chance to attend college and increase graduation rates from four-year institutions to help close the poverty gap. Colleges and universities should make lowRead MoreShould College Be Free College?1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthis, or would taxes increase to cover the costs? Free college is now brought up as a debate whether or not students should receive free college tuition while attending college. Some individuals would like this idea, but I am definite the taxpayers would not like it or support it. If the government cannot afford what they are in debt with now, I am quiet uncertain how adding free college would help the debt go down. I am sure that the government would find some way to get their money back from allowingRead MorePersuasive Speech : Undocumented Students Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade the members of my audience to support that undocumented students should have access to in-state tuition. 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It affects college students who have to use government aid to assist payingRead MoreHigher Education At State Colleges And Universities Should Be Free For All American Citizens1689 Words   |  7 PagesHigher education at state colleges and universities should be free for all American citizens. American citizens who attend Sta te Colleges and Universities at no cost, will not solved all of the nation’s problems that we face today, but maybe a good start. Supplying our citizens with free higher education is one of the best investments that our nation can make; these students will become the next generation of leaders, engineers, doctors, intellects, musicians and artists. They will be equipped withRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of Tuition1351 Words   |  6 Pagespay for college. Those who do choose to acquire a college degree spend years after they graduate paying off their student debt. 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Students who work hard in schoolRead MoreWhy Is Attending A Four Year University?753 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of attending college if they ever have hope of obtaining success. Pursuing a higher education can, in fact, be costly but yet extremely beneficial. One who attends a four-year university may have a different experience then one who attends a two-year community college: campus involvement, administration, post graduation readiness. In sequence, one who attends a four-year university may get the notion that they are receiving a more quality. By making differences in colleges and universities,Read MoreCommunity College Education Should Not Be Tuition Free998 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity College Education Should Not Be Tuition Free Every year, millions of students graduate from high school and consider studying in community college. The main reason for them to choose community colleges over four-year universities is the affordable tuition, or they have undecided majors for their careers. Unfortunately, an academic article published in 2014 â€Å"How to Help College Students Graduate,† Kirp demonstrated, â€Å"American students are enrolling college in record numbers, but they areRead MoreThe Argument On The Left1378 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing amount of individuals have begun to choose to attend college in the hopes of achieving prestigious positions in the white-collar industry. Unfortunately, however, one’s decision to further their education at post-secondary school can have one rather drastic unforeseen consequence: thousands of dollars’ worth of debt. As a result of this growing â€Å"epidemic† plaguing college students around the nation, rallying cries for free higher ed ucation have begun to spring up throughout the country. But

Accounting for Managers Globalization and Economy

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Managers for Globalization and Economy. Answer: Problem 1 Faster processes and reduced process times to help companies to be more competitive Globalization in the economy requires the formulation of new technologies for production process of the companies with respect to the faster and accurate production of goods and services. With the continuous increase in the market competition, it is essential for the companies to improve the process time in the areas of engineering and administration. Business Process re- engineering is a procedures adopted by many organizations in the recent times to improve the business activities (Polyvyanyy, Smirnov and Weske 2015). It involves the structural change in the areas of technology and manufacturing areas considering the locations and products of the companies. Business Process re- engineering is a process in which fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business process is conducted to improve the speed of the production of goods by maintaining the quality. The process requires the preparation of structures as per the measured set of activities in the areas of engineering, admi nistration and information technology by adopting the updates techniques (Koetter and Kochanowski 2015). The process timing in the concerned areas can be reduced by incorporating the updated production techniques in the engineering areas. However, in the administration area the process timing can be reduced by incorporating skilled and experienced personnel to operate the business activities. In order to be more competitive, the companies may incorporate online activities that provide faster and accurate results in the business activities (Mijumbi et al. 2015). Importance of improved quality In order to maintain the competitiveness it is essential to produce the work faster by reducing the process time but at the same time quality of the process should be improved. In the present era, consumers are more concerned about the quality of the products rather than any other factors therefore, the companies are required to maintain and improve the quality in the production process (Weber, Olaru and Marin 2016). For instance, Woolworths Limited, one of the largest companies in Australia is known for best quality products as well as improved organizational structure in terms of supermarket chain. High quality products as well as processes are essential in different areas of the business organizations for production process and administration department. Many companies are working to follow the concept of six- sigma in producing the products that involves the production of products with 99.99% perfection. The improved quality in the production process of the company is essential t o create the trust, reliability, marketability and competitiveness that help in maximization of profits and wealth of the company and its stakeholders (Hambrick, Humphrey and Gupta 2015). iii. Potential problems may arise from the increased speed of processes Increased speed of processes in the business organization influence several factors with respect to the production, management and distribution that may form potential problems. One of the major problems that may arise is maintenance and improvement of quality in the production processes and products. Increase in the speed of the processes may affect the quality of the products while designing, development or manufacturing the products and services. Another potential problem that may arise is maintenance of quantity in case the production process is conducted in batch system (Leung, Parker and Courtis 2015). In case the process speed is increased, it is likely to affect the quantity that is established to be produced under the normal standard set by the management. Further, the increased speed of processes impacts the communication between the executive employees and subordinates that affect the flow of relevant information required for business decisions. Further, the increase in sp eed of process may create the potential problem with respect to finding the root cause in difference of improved production process, administration process and distribution process. Increase in the speed of the processes creates faster production and business activities but at the same time, it creates several problems within the business process that may affect the organizational competitiveness (Georgieva 2015). Problem 2 In the present situation, operations of XYZ Ltd having two branches in Brisbane and Adelaide represented changes in the financial statements. The operational result in the Brisbane branch reflected increase in net profit as well as the balance of finished goods inventory. On the contrary, Adelaide branch reflected no net profit but the balance of finished goods inventory disclosed reduction. It can be analyzed that the reduction in the balance of inventory results in reduction in cost of goods sold whereas the increase in inventory results in lowering the net income before tax (Cheng, Harford and Zhang 2015). However, in case of income of Brisbane factory, net profit reflected increased balance even though the finished goods inventory increased. It can be said that the business operations of Brisbane factory was more efficient than the operations in Adelaide factory since it did not reflect any net profit even the inventory showed a reduced balance. Considering the financial result and efficiency of business operation, the managerial bonus was offered to the manager of Brisbane factory and not to the manager of Adelaide factory. Though the offer of managerial bonus was justified, it creates conflicts if it is provided only on the basis of the net profit generated by the company. One of the major conflicts that may arise is long- term risks if the bonus is offered only on the generation of net income since generation of net profit depends on several factors. Additionally, conflicts on the motivation of manager will be affected since the reduction in the finished goods inventory affects reduction in cost of goods sold whereas increase in inventory results in increase of cost of sales. Another conflict that arises on managerial bonus based on the net profit affects the harmonization of diverse interest for the performance of business activities (Lin and Wu 2015). Problem 3 Material variances in a manufacturing company indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of production cost and units. It is measured by using the actual cost and units employed by the company in comparison with the standard set by the management. Favorable material variances indicate the efficient use of raw materials and cost in the process of production of goods and services (Capolei et al. 2015). On the other hand, unfavorable material variance indicates the actual use of units and cost more than the standard units and costs. Similarly, Labor variances indicate the efficiency of labor hours or man- power in production of goods and services by comparing the actual data and standard data. Favorable labor variance indicates that the laborers are efficient in producing the products in less than the standard time set by the company (Taylor 2016). Analysis of production costs and variances for a particular period provides essential information to the management for producing goods and services. It indicates the overall changes in the level of market price, information on the use of quality of the products as per the standard data procured by the management. Production costs and variances provide better negotiation in price to procure the employees or workers for manufacturing process along with the implementation of purchase discounts. It also provides the information on the bargaining power of suppliers, procurement of skilled and unskilled workers at minimum wage rate. Variances and production costs also provides information on the potential profit that the company expects to earn in the given period (Wang and Chan 2015). Problem 4 Variable cost per unit Variable cost per unit is determined by considering the total variable expense in the production process divided by the total units produced or sold. Accordingly, computation of variable cost per unit for the budget A and budget B in the books of Always Right, manufacturing company: Particulars Budget A Budget A Sales Units 20,000.00 30,000.00 Variable Expenses $: Direct materials 260,000.00 360,000.00 Direct Labor 40,000.00 60,000.00 Variable Overhead 60,000.00 75,000.00 Variable selling and administrative expense 60,000.00 60,000.00 Total variable expenses 420,000.00 555,000.00 Variable cost per unit: (Total variable cost/ total sales units) $21.00 $18.50 Table 1: Variable cost per unit (Sources: Created by author) Analysis of costs and sales forecast in the budget A It is mentioned that the lower and middle management presented the budget A while the senior management presented the budget B presenting the sales forecasts by considering 20,000 units and 30,000 units respectively. Since the budget A has been prepared by the lower and middle management, it can be said that it has been prepared with the conservative or bottom- up approach. On the contrary, senior management prepared budget B hence it was carried on by considering the higher amount of sales and lower amount of costs. Another reason could be lack of awareness about the complete information on costs incurred in the production of products (Azzimonti, Battaglini and Coate 2016). iii. Analysis of costs and sales forecast in the budget B Budget B has been prepared by considering the top- down approach, which is prepared for the organization as a whole including the management at lower level. Hence, the sales forecasts taken to prepare the budget B are higher than that of budget A while the fixed cost is lower. Fixed costs in the business activities does not change with the change in production quantity and if it is considered for the entire organization then the proportionate fixed costs reflects a declined value (Delgado, Falcn and Ramrez 2016). Therefore, in case of budget B, the total cost is lower and the sales is higher therefore net profit is also higher for the entire organization. Further, the behavioral implications of the top- down approach are dysfunctional behavior, systematic planning, co- ordination and communication behavior. Top down approach provides the implication on the culture, processes and structural changes concerning the employees of the organization that improves the business activities. Consensus on the budget and advantages of the approach In the present situation, budget A has been prepared by using the bottom- up approach whereas the budget B has been prepared by using top down approach. In order to come to a consensus on the budget the higher management and lower level management teams are required to prepare a detailed schedule on the production and administration costs. Both the groups are required to identify the business activities and related cost pools along with the cost drivers that reflects the accurate results (Azzimonti, Battaglini and Coate 2016). Further, both the groups are required to forecast the sales by considering the market structure, consumer preferences as well as the organizational brand name. Considering the consensus on the budget, it provides several benefits with respect to the inclusion and participation of the groups. It empowers and increases the co- operation between the groups involved in preparation of the budget for the production processes. The budgeting approach establishes the understanding and equalizes the group power that assist in making better business decisions (Delgado, Falcn and Ramrez 2016). Reference List Azzimonti, M., Battaglini, M. and Coate, S., 2016. The costs and benefits of balanced budget rules: Lessons from a political economy model of fiscal policy.Journal of Public Economics,136, pp.45-61. Capolei, A., Suwartadi, E., Foss, B. and Jrgensen, J.B., 2015. A meanvariance objective for robust production optimization in uncertain geological scenarios.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,125, pp.23-37. Cheng, Y., Harford, J. and Zhang, T.T., 2015. Bonus-driven repurchases.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,50(03), pp.447-475. Delgado, M.V.M., Falcn, R. and Ramrez, A., 2016. Estimating building construction costs: analysis of the process-based budget model (POP Model).Revista Ingeniera de Construccin,31(1), pp.17-25. Georgieva, D., 2015. Internal Corporate Governance: The Role of Residual Income in Divisional Allocation of Funds. InInternational Corporate Governance(pp. 165-206). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Hambrick, D.C., Humphrey, S.E. and Gupta, A., 2015. Structural interdependence within top management teams: A key moderator of upper echelons predictions.Strategic Management Journal,36(3), pp.449-461. Koetter, F. and Kochanowski, M., 2015. A model-driven approach for event-based business process monitoring.Information Systems and e-Business Management,13(1), pp.5-36. Leung, S., Parker, L. and Courtis, J., 2015. Impression management through minimal narrative disclosure in annual reports.The British Accounting Review,47(3), pp.275-289. Lin, M. and Wu, R., 2015. Production cost heterogeneity in the circular city model.Operations Research Letters,43(4), pp.401-404. Mijumbi, R., Serrat, J., Gorricho, J.L., Bouten, N., De Turck, F. and Boutaba, R., 2015. Network function virtualization: State-of-the-art and research challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,18(1), pp.236-262. Polyvyanyy, A., Smirnov, S. and Weske, M., 2015. Business process model abstraction. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 147-165). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Taylor, J., 2016. Carbide cutting tool variance and breakage: unknown factors in machining economics.Advances in Machine Tool Design and Research, pp.487-504. Wang, Z. and Chan, F.T., 2015. A robust replenishment and production control policy for a single-stage production/inventory system with inventory inaccuracy.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems,45(2), pp.326-337. Weber, G.J., Olaru, M. and Marin, G., 2016. Study regarding the correlation between the changes in the energy economy and the competitiveness of companies in Germany and Romania. InChallenges, Performances and Tendencies in Organisation Management(pp. 341-347). World Scientific.

Solutions to Problems Essay Example

Solutions to Problems Paper When borrowing a constant proportion of the market value of the project, the interest tax shields are as uncertain as the value of the reject, and therefore must be discounted at the projects opportunity cost of capital. 18. Opportunity cost of capital Suppose the project described in Problem 17 is to be undertaken by a university, Funds for the project will be withdrawn from the universities endowment, which is invested in a widely diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds. However, the university can also borrow at The university is tax exempt. The university treasurer proposes to finance the project by issuing $400,000 of perpetual bonds at 7% and by selling $600,000 worth of common stocks from the endowment. The expected return on the common stocks is 10%. He therefore proposes to evaluate the project by discounting at a weighted-average cost of capital, calculated as: Whats right or wrong With the treasurers approach? Should the university invest? Should it borrow? Would the projects value to the university change if the treasurer financed the project entirely by selling common stocks from the endowment? The immediate source of funds (i. E. , both the proportion borrowed and the expected return on the stocks sold) is irrelevant. The project would not be any ore valuable fifth university sold stocks offering a lower return. If borrowing is a zero-NP activity for a tax-exempt university, then base-case NP equals APP, and the adjusted cost of capital r* equals the opportunity cost of capital with all-equity financing. Here, base-case NP is negative; the university should not invest. We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Problems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1 Issue cost and APP The Bunsen Chemical Company is currently at its target debt ratio of 40%. It is contemplating a $1 million expansion of its existing business. This expansion is expected to produce a cash inflow of $130,000 a year n perpetuity. The company is uncertain whether to undertake this expansion and how to finance it. The two options are a $1 million issue of common stock or a $1 million issue of 20-year debt. The flotation costs of a stock issue would be around 5% of the amount raised, and the flotation costs Of a debt issue would be around 139%. Bunges financial manager, Ms. Poly Ethylene, estimates that the required return on the companys equity is 14%, but she argues that the flotation costs increase the cost Of new equity to 19%. On this basis, the project does not appear viable. On the other hand, she points out that the company can raise new debt on a 7% yield, which would make the cost of new debt She therefore recommends that Bunsen should go ahead with the project and finance it with an issue of long-term debt. Is Ms. Ethylene right? How would you evaluate the project? Note the following: The costs of debt and equity are not and 19%, respectively, These figures assume the issue costs are paid every year, not just at issue. The tact that Bunsen can finance the entire cost of the project with debt is irrelevant. The cost of capital does not depend on the immediate source offends; what matters is he projects contribution to the firms overall borrowing power, The project is expected to support debt in perpetuity.

Viagra Who What How And Why Essays - PDE5 Inhibitors, Lactams

Viagra: Who What How And Why? James Pouncey Dr. Owen Drugs and Behavior May 2, 2000 Viagra: What, Who, Why, and How Sildenafil Citrate, more commonly known by the brand name Viagra, has become one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in America. Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction, also known as impotence. Erectile Dysfunction is best defined as the inability to maintain an erection necessary for sexual satisfaction. Sildenafil has been shown to be effective for a broad range ED patients, including those with a history of mellitus, depression, hypertension, diabetes, and spinal chord injury (Sildenafil Citrate, par. 29). Pharmacokinetics Viagra is taken orally. It is quickly absorbed into the system and usually reaches its peak concentration in about 30 to 120 minutes. However, as with most orally administered drugs, taking the pill on a full stomach will slow down its absorption (Sildenafil Citrate, par. 5). Viagra is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome p450 system. It is converted into a metabolite that has properties similar to that of the pre-metabolized drug. Viagra and its metabolite have a terminal half-life of about 4 hours (Sildenafil Citrate, par. 4). Finally, Viagra is excreted primarily through feces in the form of metabolites (Sildenafil Citrate, par. 7). Mechanism of Action Sildenafil is a pharmaceutical breakthrough not only because it is the most effective treatment for erectile dysfunction available, but also because it is the first in a new class of medications (FDA, par. 3). But to understand how this drug works, it is necessary to explain the physiology of erection in the normally functioning male. Under normal circumstances, sexual excitement results in the release of nitric oxide. Next, the nitric oxide will activate guanylate cyclase, an enzyme. The effect of this enzyme is an increase in the amount of cylic guanosine monophosphate. This increase produces the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum, in the penis. This relaxation is necessary to allow the inflow of blood, which is what causes an erection to occur. However, in a male with erectile dysfunction, phosphodiesterase type 5 is responsible for degradation of cylic guanosine monophosphate (FDA, par. 3). Thus, the smooth muscle is unable to relax to allow the inflow of blood. This results in the inability to gain and maintain and erection. Sildenafil works by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase type 5. As a result, there is no inhibition of the cylic guanine monophosphate. Thus the smooth muscle is able to relax and allow the inflow of blood necessary for erection (FDA, par. 4). Behavioral effects Thus by examining the mechanisms of action, the myth that Sildenafil causes sexual excitation or that the drug is an aphrodisiac, is dispelled. Rather, it is understood that the drug simply allows the natural response to sexual excitation to occur, rather than causing the excitation itself. Because of the drugs effects, the use of the drug is associated with some behavioral changes. Those who suffer from erectile dysfunction often have anxiety and lack on confidence in regards to sexual functioning. They may in fact avoid situation in which they may feel sexually inadequate. Obviously, this can result in a less than satisfactory sex-life. Because Sildenafil is able to provide normal sexual functioning for most of those who take it, it naturally follows that users can experience a renewal in their self-confidence and a decrease of their sexual anxieties regarding problems with erection, as they are able to maintain and enjoy a normal sex-life. [Note: none of the material in the preced ing paragraph was taken from another source.] Physiological Side Effects Like most drugs, Sildenafil does have side effects, but the side effects when they occur, are usually mild and temporary (FDA, par. 6). One of these side effects is a temporary change in blue/green color perception. This change in perception occurs because Sildenafil inhibits PDE6, which is involved in phototransduction in the retina (Sildenafil Citrate, par. 17). Also, Sildenafil causes a decrease in blood pressure, though the cause of this is unknown (Sildenafil Citrate, par.13); further common side effects include headache, flushing, and upset stomach (FDA, par. 6). Finally, it is recommended that those who take nitrates (such as nitroglycerin, often used for the treatment of angina) not take Sildenafil as it was shown to potentiate [increase] the

The Impact of New Media and Social Networking on Entertainment the Entertainment Industry

The Impact of New Media and Social Networking on Entertainment the Entertainment Industry On 14th of February, 2005, the entertainment industry entered a new era that would henceforth change its future. On that Valentine’s Day, Youtube.com was registered on whois.com. Six months later, the social site was launched and since then, it has continued to shape the interpersonal interaction between people in different parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of New Media and Social Networking on Entertainment the Entertainment Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From that time, many other social media sites have been launched in the market, in effect altering the experiences of consumers with regard to television, film, and music (Belloni 2012). Social media has significantly influenced the tastes and preferences of consumers in the world market. Most contemporary consumers base their consumption and spending behaviours on global conversations taking place over the internet an d such other social media (Schultz, Block Labrecque 2012). Furthermore, the activities of people on social network sites influence their decision making processes, as well as their behaviour. In this regard, studying the behaviour of consumers and underlying motivational factors can assist organisations in finding out how they can design their programs and corporate strategies (Andzulis, Panagopoulos Rapp 2012). The current essay is written against this backdrop. The major objective of the essay is to determine how social networking and new media have impacted the entertainment industry in general and the filmmaking industry in particular. A social networking service refers to an online site, platform, or service, whose main objective is to create social relations or social networks among different persons. The networking service targets individuals who share activities, interests, real-life connections, or backgrounds. The service takes into consideration, among others, the indiv idual’s personal profile and their social links in the society. Social networking services and platforms keep the members connected to each other. They give them the opportunity to keep in touch in real time over the worldwide web through, among others, instant messaging services (IM) and e-mails. The sites allow people to share their ideas, events, interests, and activities within the network.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are various social networking sites available today. The three most popular social networking sites are Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus, all of which are based in the United States of America (Scott 2010). According to Belloni (2012), 47 per cent of all Americans are members of social networking sites. Some individuals are members of more than one networking site. For example, an individual may have an account with Facebook, and another account with Twitter. New media is a term used to describe on-demand content access. The consumer is able to access the content from anywhere and at anytime through the use of a digital device, such as a computer or a phone. The consumers can access the content through community formation, user feedback, and creative participation with such content (Scott 2010). Sago (2010) provides another definition of the term ‘new media’. The scholar is of the view that the concept can be used to refer to the creation of unregulated content. According to Sago (2010), new media technologies are expected to be digital, interactive, compressible, dense, and networkable. The user should also be able to manipulate such technologies. The various technologies include the internet, computer multimedia, websites, CD-ROMS, DVDs, and video games. Television programs, magazines, feature films, books, and paper-based publications do not constitute new media (Brogan 2010). According t o an exclusive poll conducted by the Penn Schoen Berland research firm, 88% of individuals regard such social networks as Twitter and Facebook as forms of entertainment (Godley 2012). In addition, the research highlighted that listening to music and social networking is the major form of Generation-C entertainment. Bruce, Foutz Kolsarici (2012) note that social media is like a connective tissue that helps consumers to connect with each other and share their opinions on different entertainment experiences. Moreover, 83 per cent of viewers connected to TV search the internet as they watch television programs, while 41 per cent tweet about what they are watching. Brogan (2010) is of the view that in its own capacity, social networking is an online reality show.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of New Media and Social Networking on Entertainment the Entertainment Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ther e has been a long controversy about the influence of digital media. However, it is clear that digital media has the ability to change the behaviour of a person. For instance, people who are tweeting about movies determine the behaviour of their Tweeter followers. That is why a third of all connected TV consumers go to a theatre to watch a movie after reading posts on social network sites (Manjoo 2011). Sago (2010) reported that horror movies and other genres targeted at young people are the largest beneficiaries of social networking publicity. For instance, 8 per cent of all the respondents included in the Penn Schoen Berland survey watched Paranormal Activity 3 after being influenced by online posts and conversations (Godley 2012). On the basis of findings made in psychological studies, the behaviour patterns associated with social commerce are determined by social proof or the fear of missing out (FOMO) (Sago 2010). Another interesting finding is how social networking tends to enh ance the entertainment experience in the theatre. Nowadays, almost all movie theatres have to plead with movie goers to avoid using mobile phones in the theatre as the movie goes on. There are two reasons for that: the sound distraction caused by ringing phones and the light distraction from the phones, which affects the darkened room (Lipsman, Mud, Rich Bruich 2012). A recent study has, however, found that social networking is prevalent during both home and theatre movie watching times (Jamar 2012). The study found that 56 per cent of people who go to the movies have sent a text during one or more movies. The study also reported that most of the people aged between 18 and 34 years believe that the use of social network in the theatre (as they watch a movie) enhances their experience in the movie theatre. Close to half of the persons interviewed pointed out that they would choose a theatre that allows web surfing and text messaging over those theatres that did not allow such activi ties. However, this behaviour is only observed among individuals aged between 18 and 34 years, but not among all consumers. The reason for this is because 75 per cent of individuals who were included in the Jamar (2012) reported that using mobile phones in the theatre distracts them. Furthermore, 21 per cent and 24 per cent of informants had posted on Twitter and Facebook, respectively, as they watched a movie in a theatre (Jamar 2012). Generation-C is often identified, falsely, as having a short concentration span. However, in most cases, they focus on many things at the same time, as long as these are things that fall under their list of interests. Individuals falling under the category of Generation-C are different.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Instead of working so hard to debunk the values of this generation, there should be an understanding of the role of multitasking in enhancing their experience. Lica Tuta (2011) found that the two most popular activities during social networking are watching TV programs (66%) and watching TV movies (50%). Eleven per cent of the respondents noted that they network as they watch movies in the theatre. The question is what these people do on social networks as they watch programs and movies. Evans (2008) found that social networking is a give and take affair because 33 per cent of people on social networks post their own thoughts and opinions, while 67 per cent are either reading or listening and responding to what others are saying. Television marketers are currently striving to determine how they can use social media to woo viewers. According to Johnson (2011), serendipity contributes in getting viewers to tunes of some of the most important news that broke on social media before air ing on the television or newspapers include the killing of Osama bin Laden (Twitter), the death of Whitney Houston (Twitter), and the Egyptian uprising (Facebook). In addition to television programs and movies, the peer-to-peer influence seems to have invaded all the other major forms of entertainment. Musicians are benefitting from posting their music on social networks, especially YouTube. In a study conducted by Filice Young (2011), 70 per cent of the respondents pointed out that they listen to music depending on what their peers are posting on social networks. In this regard, the fans of a certain musician have the duty to popularise his or her music on social media. One way of doing that is by sharing what they are listening by blogging, Facebooking, tweeting, or posting their videos on YouTube. Andzulis et al. (2012) compared the advantages and disadvantages of the two most popular social network sites, Facebook and Twitter, to the entertainment industry. Out of all the respo ndents included in the study, 98 per cent of were on Facebook, while 56 per cent were on Twitter. egarding daily visits, nine out of ten informants visited their Facebook account each day, while half of the respondents visited their Twitter accounts on a daily basis. Andzulis et al. (2012) asked the respondents what or who they followed on Facebook and Twitter, and they gave varying responses. Andzulis et al. (2012) made a very interesting observation from their study. They concluded that Twitter is the main social media site that people use to connect with others, while Facebook is the one that people use to connect with shows, movies, and brands. It is important for marketers to keep track of these developments. For example, they should analyse the way people are creating communities and fandoms online (Andzulis et al. 2012). Based on the behaviour of all consumers engaged in social networking and news media, it is the role of marketers to determine how the sites impact on consump tion of goods and services. Clark Roberts (2010) found that social media is significant in determining how people watch movies and share their experiences. However, the choice to purchase a movie still largely depends on the traditional marketing strategies of firms. Previews and trailers are the main determinants of whether a person buys a movie or not. The consumers can watch trailers on YouTube, movie websites, TV, or at the theatre. The previews and trailers influence about 40 per cent of the consumers, while TV adverts and word of mouth influence 20 percent and 18 percent of the consumers, respectively. The influence of social media is placed at 9 per cent (Bruce et al. 2012). In conclusion, it is important to note that new media and social networking have a significant impact on the entertainment industry. In particular, the two influence how people are watching movies and programs on the television, as well as how they are listening to music. In addition, social media have e merged as important sources of breaking news. Marketers can take advantage of the influence the new media and social networking services has on consumers. For example, by using social media, marketers can gather information on what consumers want by sneak-previewing their public conversations. References Andzulis, J Panagopoulos, N Rapp, A 2012, A review of social media and implications for the sales process, Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, vol. 32 no. 3, pp. 305-316. Belloni, M 2012, The social media poll, Hollywood Reporter, vol. 418 no. 9, pp. 64-66. Brogan, C 2010, Social media 101: tactics and tips to develop your business online, Wiley, New York. Bruce, N Foutz, N Kolsarici, C 2012, Dynamic effectiveness of advertising and word of mouth in sequential distribution of new products, Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), vol. 49 no. 4, pp. 469-486. Clark, L Roberts, S 2010, Employer’s use of social networking sites: a socially irresponsible practice, Journa l of Business Ethics, vol. 95 no. 4, pp. 507-525. Evans, D 2008, Social media marketing: an hour a day, Wiley, New York. Filice, M Young, S 2011, From mainstage to movies to media: sustaining the live and performing arts through artistic convergence and the Balaban and Katz philosophy of continuous performance, International Journal of Arts Management, vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 48-56. Godley, C 2012, THRs social media poll: how Facebook and Twitter impact the entertainment industry, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/gallery/facebook-twitter-social-media-study-302273/1-social-media-as-entertainment. Goel, S Miesing, P Chandra, U 2010, The impact of illegal peer-to-peer file sharing on the media industry, California Management Review, vol. 52 no. 3, pp. 6-33. Hearing, G Ussery, B 2012, The times they are a changing the impact of technology and social media on the public workplace, Part I, Florida Bar Journal, vol. 86 no. 3, pp. 35-39. Hennig-Thurau, T Henning, V Sattler, H 2007, Consume r file sharing of motion pictures, Journal of Marketing, vol. 71 no. 4, pp. 1-18. Hettche, M Clayton, M 2012, Using social media to teach social media advertising: how to leverage student prior knowledge and word press blogs, Journal of Advertising Education, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 45-55. Jamar, SD 2012, Copyright aspects of user-generated content in the internet social networking context, Journal of Internet Law, vol. 16 no. 5, pp. 3-13. Johnson, RL 2011, Corporate strategy and the social networking phenomena, Journal of Service Science (19414722), vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 1-10. Lica, L Tuta, M 2011, Predicting product performance with social media, Informatica Economica, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 46-56. Lipsman, A Mud, G Rich, M Bruich, S 2012, The power of Like: how brands reach (and influence) fans through social-media marketing, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 52 no. 1, pp. 40-52. Manjoo, F 2011, The great tech war of 2012, Fast Company, vol. 160, pp. 106-146. Sago, B 2010, The influenc e of social media message sources on millennial generation consumers, International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, vol. 2 no. 2, pp. 7-18. Schultz, D Block, M Labrecque, L 2012, Consumer retailer preference and facebook: friends or foes?, International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, vol. 4 no. 1, pp. 7-18. Scott, D 2010, The new rules of marketing and PR : how to use social media, blogs, news releases, online video, viral marketing to reach buyers directly, John Wiley Sons, London.

Use of Landmarks in Skull of Dog (Canis familiaris) for Article

Use of Landmarks in Skull of Dog (Canis familiaris) for Neuronavigation - Article Example The technique is quite common with human patients undergoing intricate neurosurgery but this paper investigates how it may be utilised in canid ones, specifically dogs (Canis familiaris). Image-guided neuronavigation functions on the basis of stereotaxy. The brain is conceived as a geometric entity that can be trisected by three spatial planes orthogonal to each other. These planes are the horizontal, frontal and sagittal ones based on the Cartesian co-ordinate system (Ganslandt, O., et al, 2002). Precise surgical guidance is available by referencing objects within this three-dimensional system in the brain with three-dimensional images aligned along parallel co-ordinate axes displayed on the console of a computer-workstation providing the surgeon with point-to-point imagery of the actual locations in the brain. This allows maximum accuracy of operation (Ganslandt, O., et al, 2002). This spatial accuracy afforded by functional imaging systems such as, primarily, magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), when incorporated within the neuronavigation process, allows precise surgery near eloquent are as of the brain with minimum morbidity (Ganslandt, O., et al, 2002).... Attempts to apply congruency in both morphological and behavioural characteristics of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) immediately runs in several problems because there are innumerable breeds all over the world and the variety is so diverse that it is bewildering. Nevertheless, it is generally agreed that the domestic breed diverged from gray wolves (Canis lupus) 3,25,000 to 1 million years ago. The domestic dog is a very close relative of the wild gray wolf with only about 0.2% divergence in mitochrondrial DNA sequence (Jordana, J., et al, 1999). It is also acknowledged that the gray wolf is a breed that is found both in the New World and the Old and dogs probably originated from the Old World breed and crossed over with humans to the New World to form the special breeds found there today (Olori, J., 2005). This is even though the fond belief of dog-breeders in the New World is that their breeds are exclusively diverged from gray wolves there. At least, the early dog breeds in t he New World were so while more recent breeds may have been bred down from the northern gray wolves that are large-bodied (Jordana, J., et al, 1999). There is also evidence to suggest that there are four distinct lineages that descended independently from gray wolves. Each lineage is called a clade (Olori, J., 2005). The comparative study conducted on 25 different breeds from different parts of the world on the morphological, though Canis familiaris is probably the most morphologically diverse species on earth, and behavioural traits of the domestic dog revealed that morphological data was more congruent than behavioural ones (Jordana, J., et al, 1999). In the context of the purpose of the paper it was found that the cranial profile varied from medium to large to small dogs in