Writing a discussion paper
Controversial Topics For Persuasive Speech
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Rebellion in Hunger Games
The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the dystopian country of Panem, where the nations of North America once existed. The Capitol, a profoundly propelled city, practices government power on the remainder of the country. The Hunger Games are a yearly occasion wherein one kid and one young lady matured 12ââ¬18 from every one of the twelve locale encompassing the Capitol are chosen by lottery to contend in a broadcast fight to the death.The principle thought in the book was adolescent disobedience which is appeared by Katniss where she and Peeta change the guidelines at the last snapshots of the Hunger Games. Peeta and Katniss choose not to battle each other to see who will dominate the Matches, however rather to deny the Gamemakers any victor whatsoever by eating some noxious berries in a twofold self destruction endeavor. As Katniss said â⬠Without a victor, the entire thing would explode in the Gamemakers' ap pearances. They'd have bombed the Capitol. May conceivably even be executed, gradually and horrendously while the cameras communicate it to each screen in the countryâ⬠.Instead of permitting the pair to slaughter themselves, the Gamemakers change the guidelines of the game by and by and announce both Peeta and Katniss champs. The twofold self destruction endeavor is a demonstration of insubordination towards the Capitol. Much after she's out of the field, Katniss fears that the Capitol will by one way or another rebuff her rebellious conduct with the force the administration has over them. Truly, adolescent disobedience isn't generally negative and can be sure similar to what Katniss and Peeta have done to spare their lives. Katniss additionally shows young insubordination where she forfeits her life consistently by going into the forested areas to accommodate her family.With chasing being unlawful and holds high results with the opportunity of getting captured she and Gale pen ance their lives to chase and to bring nourishment for their family. Her mental fortitude to accommodate her family shows that she is free. In the film she sneaks past wire wall to meet Gale becuase she feels like she must give becuase she doesnt know some other method to. Covering Rue with blossoms is an extreme demonstration of disobedience to the Capitol. The experience of seeing Rue's demise moves Katniss to go on and dominate the Matches and to demonstrate to the Capitol that they can't strip the tributes of their humanity.By pointing out the penance that Rue made during the Hunger Games, Katniss challenges that Hunger Games â⬠and the individuals who play them â⬠are insignificant diversion for the crowds back in the Capitol. For Katniss, Rue isn't just a character on a network show. She is a person who is deserving of regard, profound respect, and grieving. At the point when she says ââ¬Å"I need to accomplish something, directly here, at the present time, to disgrace them, to make them responsible, to show the Capitol that whatever they do or constrain us to do that there is a piece of each tribute they can't possess. That Rue was in excess of a piece in their Games. As am I. ââ¬Å"
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Development of Potential Health Strategy for Aboriginal Torres Strait
Question: Examine about theDevelopment of Potential Health Strategy for Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander People. Answer: Presentation The term wellbeing alludes to the general prosperity of a person. Concerning strength of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals in Australia, it requires to address the advancement of the total network and acquiring improvement their life. It is critical to recognize the different issues and factors affecting their way of life, wellbeing and living. This paper will portray and address a potential wellbeing technique that could be viably used to offer the medicinal services administrations for tending to the social, passionate social prosperity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals. This exposition depends on the announcement of NAIHO that thinks about that wellbeing implies generally prosperity of individuals and improvement in each part of their life. The primary point of the potential wellbeing procedure would be progress in the direction of shutting the hole. Potential Health Strategy Native and Torres Strait Islander individuals in Australia have confronted numerous verifiable and contemporary issues that have isolated them from the non-indigenous populace of the nation. The potential wellbeing procedure must incorporate various variables identified with their social, social and financial status in the general public. Because of numerous cultural segregation and partialities these individuals needed to confront numerous differences in medicinal services and society. I accept that potential wellbeing technique for these individuals require numerous viewpoints to cover that can move in the direction of shutting the hole, which incorporates, their future, principle medical problems, social issues, social issues, and will look towards recognizing he causes bringing about disservice for the soundness of ATSI individuals. The recently conceived potential wellbeing procedure will locate the different abberations that wins the ATSI people group. The principal issue that wins in this network is the event of incessant maladies and diminished future. Native and Torres Strait Islander individuals have lower future than non-Indigenous populace of Australia. As indicated by the report of Australian Indigenous Health (2016), the future of the Aboriginal men is 21 years not as much as that of non-indigenous men, and future in ladies is 19 years less. This information shows that potential wellbeing technique requires tending to this hole. As per me, potential wellbeing methodology not just tends to the medicinal services needs of the ATSI individuals, yet it will likewise concentrate on the financial, social and mental angles influencing the wellbeing and prosperity of these individuals. For shutting the hole it is essential to look at all the parts of the life of ATSI individuals with the life of non-Indigenous populace of Australia. Along these lines we could accomplish better data and information to execute the new technique in a superior manner. It is likewise essential to distinguish social determinants of soundness of ATSI individuals. This populace is regularly disregarded and their battle in history has declined their condition and disconnected them from outstanding populace. These individuals had to live their properties and to live with constrained food and water assets. As per the investigation of Gibson et al, (2015), European colonization and removal from their properties progressively diminished their fi nancial status and joblessness and ailments expanded in their networks. My proposed potential wellbeing methodology will help in shutting the hole and will help in accomplishing the positive results, since it will concentrate on their general prosperity and improvement in everyday environments. This new technique means to recognize the issues in their everyday environment, lodging, food uncertainty, unfortunate day to day environments, family issues and savagery, just as components expanding their introduction to constant infections. The individuals engaged with this wellbeing system will have the option to get the advantages in each part of their life. From instruction to solid living preparing programs, this wellbeing methodology would investigate every possibility to change their entire live, as imagined in the announcement of NAIHO. The potential wellbeing procedure will incorporate instructive and instructional meetings for the ATS individuals, as these individuals have low wellbeing proficiency, which impacts their entrance to human services admini strations (Ware, 2013). Wellbeing proficiency is imperative to see and comprehend wellbeing data, in this manner system will likewise concentrate on improving their insight and comprehension towards ceaseless sicknesses, psychological wellness issues and distinctive anticipation programs. Investment of Healthcare Professionals in Potential Health Strategy Investment and commitment of the medicinal services experts in potential wellbeing arrangement is extremely critical. Social insurance experts are in the right spot from where they could address different separations and preferences winning in the medicinal services framework (Rix et al, 2015). Hence, I accept my cooperation will upgrade the ramifications of the potential social insurance methodology and will likewise improve my training and administrations. For interfacing with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals, it is fundamental o have a comprehension of their way of life, convictions, qualities and otherworldliness (Richardson, Williams, 2007). Working in this potential wellbeing procedure intends to learn new ideas f social insurance, working in joint effort and improving the aptitudes of cooperation. The cooperation of the social insurance experts in the potential wellbeing arrangement infers to work with fitting aptitudes and tending to the obstructions among ATSI individuals and getting to medicinal services administrations (Ware, 2013). These boundaries will be evacuated to advance trust and great wellbeing in this network. The significant obstructions that emerge in offering quality consideration to these individuals are social contrasts and absence of social mindfulness. The idea of social mindfulness and social capability are intricate. These ideas required to be applied in the potential wellbeing system to expand the entrance of ATSI individuals to social insurance administrations and to improve their wellbeing (Williamson, and Harrison, 2010). Social mindfulness is picking up information and mindfulness towards the qualities, convictions and ethics of the other culture. This sort of mindfulness can be picked up by giving social mindfulness preparing to human services expe rts. In this way, medicinal services technique will likewise concentrate on giving instruction and preparing to experts before working with ATSI individuals (Chong et al, 2011). The difficulties that may emerge while giving socially safe consideration to ATSI individuals are multifaceted miscommunications and absence of social mindfulness that can happen between Indigenous individuals and non-indigenous human services suppliers (Chong et al, 2011). In this way, to guarantee that social insurance administrations are socially sheltered, experts would be prepared to connect with target gathering. The wellbeing methodology would have the option to improve the indigenous wellbeing results at populace level by offering open, moderate, proper and worthy administrations (Scrimgeour 2008). The imbalances will be tended to in social insurance get to, administration arrangement and assessing the worldwide human services results for the ATSI populace. I accept that building up the social ability will be the key factor in decreasing human services imbalances and improving adequacy and nature of the consideration gave (Bainbridge et al, 2015). Job of Potential Health Strategy in Closing the Gap This wellbeing system will concentrate on the long standing social and financial issues winning in the Indigenous people group. This technique will likewise address the significance of social mindfulness and social fitness (Barnett Kendall, 2011). This technique will prompt working in association with the objective network to comprehend their issues all the more intently. Working in cooperation and offering the best quality types of assistance with self-assurance will introduce the adequacy of the system. I accept that new headings for building up the medicinal services procedure for the Indigenous populace is the need of current time, which must be tended to by improving and applying socially safe practice (Barnett Kendall, 2011). End The article depends on building up a potential wellbeing system for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals of Australia, on the grounds that these individuals face the most imbalances and variations. These individuals experience the ill effects of numerous authentic and contemporary obstructions in getting to social insurance administrations. The potential medicinal services technique will distinguish these obstructions and will build up a socially protected and socially skilled human services administration for these individuals, which will concentrate on the total populace and their general prosperity. Social competency will concentrate on improving the capacity and aptitudes of medicinal services proficient to give socially safe consideration. List of sources Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. 2016. Synopsis of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderhealth, 2015. Accessed:https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/wellbeing realities/outline Bainbridge, R., McCalman, J., Clifford, A. what's more, Tsey, K., 2015. Social competency in the conveyance of wellbeing administrations for Indigenous people.Issues paper, (13). Barnett L Kendall E 2011. Socially fitting techniques for upgrading the support of Aboriginal Australians in wellbeing advancing projects. Wellbeing Promotion Journal of Australia 22(1):2732. Chong, A., Renhard, R., Wilson, G., Willis, J. also, Clarke, A., 2011. Improving social affectability to Indigenous individuals in Australian emergency clinics A nonstop quality improvement approach.Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-disciplinary Journal,13(1), p.84. Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S. also, Francis, T., 2014. Social regard methodologies in Australian Aboriginal essential medicinal services administrations: past instruction and preparing of practitioners.Australian and New Zealand diary of open health,38(4), pp.355-361. Richardson, S., Williams, T.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Understanding College Writing Course
Understanding College Writing CourseStudents are encouraged to select their Clep Composition topics based on the education level and academic background of the students. It should be noted that there are two types of Clep Composition topics, namely, Capstone Exams and Examinations.The Examinations help students develop analytical and critical reading skills and enhance their ability to work together with other classmates. Some students choose this type of topic to bring out the best in them. As such, it is an ideal choice for both advanced and intermediate level.On the other hand, the Capstone courses enable students to tackle real-world scenarios which help them develop decision-making, problem-solving and problem-solving skills. These topics are usually used as a final examination for students in their course of study. However, students should take note that if they do not pass the examination they will still receive a grade but the assignment will have no actual value.The use of t he Capstone in a composition course should not be taken lightly as it is the most difficult subject to handle and can also provide the most rewarding results. Once students have completed the course they will find that they have made some incredible accomplishments in their lives. At the same time, by the end of the term they may feel as though they were given a 'high' for a reason.As such, all students should be encouraged to complete the Capstone Exams at least once. These topics will help students develop specific analytical skills as well as identify where they stand academically with others. If the topics are complex enough then they may offer some students a rewarding experience.Although all students who intend to take the Capstone Exams should be advised to complete the topic at least once prior to the final exam, they may wish to select a single topic or class. However, it should be noted that it is the student's responsibility to complete these assignments as stated in the requirements. As such, students should not assume that their assigned Capstone topics are easy.Once they have completed these Capstone Exams students will find that the college writing course is an extremely valuable asset for any student. Whether or not they decide to complete the full course is entirely up to them, however, it is best to complete the core unit if they do not wish to wait.Students should be encouraged to research and explore the concept of Comp composition and choose their topics carefully. This course will provide them with the tools necessary to be successful in college and beyond.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Advertisements Are A Popular Display Of Marketing
Have you ever really looked at ads, though? I mean, if you look closely and I mean really look closely, advertisements arenââ¬â¢t what they appear to be, in most cases. Advertisements are a popular display of marketing and have been for decades and will be for decades to come. For as long as I can remember, advertisements have been a popular way of getting a message across. Whether they are simple or colorful, they catch the eye of someone thatââ¬â¢s reading a magazine, or a newspaper. No matter how much you think itââ¬â¢s just a picture, there is a deeper meaning inside of what youââ¬â¢re looking at. Of course, youââ¬â¢ve never noticed it before because you were never looking for deeper meanings inside advertisements. You may have passed by some subliminalâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦At the top of the advertisement, you have the words, ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢ll never forget your first timeâ⬠in big gray letters. From the top, your eyes then go down to the middle of the advertisement and then start to see this seductive hamburger sitting on the page. You think Iââ¬â¢m joking, but this hamburger looks seductive. The picture of the hamburger instills every aspect of a hamburger you could possibly want to see. You see: the meat, the tomatoes, the pickles, and the cheese slightly dripping off the edge of the hamburger. You also see the lettuce and those delicious looking onions to top it off. Everything about this hamburger is screaming ââ¬Å"Eat me!â⬠As your eyes move along to the bottom of the page, you have in gray lettering again, ââ¬Å"Steak N Shakeâ⬠and the places they are located. The gray lettering is what makes the dark background pop out more, itââ¬â¢s a contrast fixture. You notice the lettering because of the advertisement is very dark and dim to begin with, the gray pops out. Although, those eyes of yours tend to keep gazing back at the hamburger, because it looks so delicious. At least thatââ¬â¢s what mine kept doing when I was looking at the advertisement. This is the most seductive looking advertisement Iââ¬â¢ve seen, for a piece of food. This is the definition of what people consider food porn. The way it is positioned, it looks like a half-naked raunchy advertisement, except a normal raunchy advertisement would have a male or a female with the product. They would assumingly
Friday, May 15, 2020
Essay about Use of Multiple Stretegies to Teach Literacy
Literacy is the term used when talking about the ability to read and write. It leads to success in K-12 school, post-secondary school, the ability to compete in the job market, and participation in democratic process (Wei, Blackorby, Schiller, 2011). Teaching young children how to read and write however is a very complex process that requires a teacher to employ a myriad of strategies to help students. When a teacher takes into consideration all the different abilities in a classroom having multiple strategies that help all students become proficient in speaking and listening, reading, and writing, is essential. Speaking and Listening One of the most often over looked yet essential part of literacy development is developing a childââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Using hand movements to the rhymes, like Itsy Bitsy Spider, gives children the kinesthetic reminder of what comes next but also allows students who might be nonverbal to participate in the rhyme activity. Reading The ultimate goal for any reader should be to understand the text. While a student might be able to correctly decode a sentence if he or she did not comprehend what was read the studentââ¬â¢s literacy skill did not increase. It would be hard for a student to fully enjoy a book if he or she didnââ¬â¢t understand what was being read. A strategy that good readers use, and one that teachers should model for students, is making connections with the text. There are three types of connections, text-to-self, text-to-text, and text-to-world. As the teacher reads a story he or she should stop periodically to make connections between what is written and his or her own personal experience (text-to-self), other books (text-to-text), or things that are happening in the world (text-to-world). As students make these types of connections it helps further his or her understanding of the text. (LaRocque Darling, 2008) While teachers might be able to make even small connections with anything he or she reads, younger readers often have a more difficult time because of lack of experiences and practice making connections. A teacher can help students make connections by asking questions before reading the book, ââ¬Ëwhat is something that has made you really sad?ââ¬â¢ Getting
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
A Research Study On The Foster Care - 2167 Words
Abstract This research study will examine whether or not the foster care age out transition process, including the availability of specific education programs (i.e. banking, home building and economics, college prep) as well as the availability of resources provided to foster children prior to ââ¬Å"aging outâ⬠of the foster care system, has a direct impact on a perceived ââ¬Å"successfulâ⬠or ââ¬Å"non-successfulâ⬠transition to independent living. This research will gather information from three specific groups of people; current licensed foster parents, foster care social workers and former foster children that have aged-out of the foster care system within the last two years. This study will be utilizing the nonprobability method of purposive sampling as all research participants will be selected on the basis of their participation with the foster care system in three different specific roles. This research will study the perceptions of whether or not there are adequate programs designed and utilized for the purpose of successful transition. This information will be gathered by three separate questionnaires specifically designed to address each role of the foster care study. The information will be utilized for the intent of evaluating the age-out process of foster care for minors transitioning into adults. ââ¬Å"I believe the best service to the child is the service closest to the child, and children who are victims of neglect, abuse, or abandonment must not also be victims ofShow MoreRelatedChild Maltreatment And The Child Welfare System Essay1558 Words à |à 7 PagesAbstract Foster care is defined as an out of home placement outside of the biological family. Individuals are placed in foster care due to some form of child maltreatment, rather it be sexual abuse, neglect, and/or physical abuse. Adolescents who age out of the foster care system are between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years old who are still in the child welfare system and have not been adopted. Aging out of the foster care systems means that adolescents currently in the child welfareRead MoreResearch With Foster Children : Ethical Dilemmas1135 Words à |à 5 PagesResearch with foster children Ethical dilemmas are one of the many sensitive issues that come with doing psychological research with human participants. As seen in several famous psychology studies such as the Stanford prison experiment, Milgram experiment, and Tuskegee experiment, ethics in psychological studies are important to protect both the individuals being subjected to research and the researcher. While these specific experiments did not include children, it does bring up an important conversationRead MoreM3 Research Design Critique Report1596 Words à |à 7 PagesM3 Research Design Critique Report A correlational research design would be useful when studying the relationship of mentoring students in a reading class and the achievement on their Aims-web reading comprehension and fluency scores. The correlational design would be useful to determine to what degree if any exists. In a correlations study there can be a relationship between two or more variables. This type of research uses a correlation coefficient to explain relationships or show a lack ofRead MoreRole Of The Foster Parent On The Continuum Of Carer And Parent Essay1511 Words à |à 7 PagesRole of the Foster Parent One of the most significant studies found in the literature was a qualitative study conducted by Schofiell, Beek, Ward, and Biggart on the role of the foster parent (2013). The purpose of the study was to understand the boundaries of the role of the foster parent on the continuum of carer and parent (Schofield, Beek, Ward, Biggart, 2013). The study was a portion of a larger study on permanency in foster care (Schofield, Beek, Ward, Biggart, 2013). Schofiell, Beek,Read MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of The Foster Care Youth Essay1038 Words à |à 5 Pageshealth needs are among the most challenging problem facing foster care youth today (Mckay, Lynn Bannnon, 2005) . Children in care are more likely to have been exposed to multiple forms of traumatic experiences, such as physical or sexual abuse, neglect, family and/or community violence, trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation, or sexual abuse, bullying, or loss of loved ones. Consequently, trauma experienced by children in foster care is often complex and left untreated permeant permanentlyRead MoreFactors That Influence Attachment Between Foster Children And Their Caregivers1161 Words à |à 5 Pages The objective of this study was to examine the factors that influence attachment between foster children and their caregivers. This study contained a sample size of 61 children that ranged in age from two years old to seven years old. Some measures of this study are childr en that internalize and externalize their behavioral problems and the symptoms that relate to attachment disorder. The hypotheses of this study are that inhibited and disinhibited subtype of reactive attachment disorder haveRead MoreA Link Between Foster Care Placement During Childhood And Adult Delinquency1348 Words à |à 6 PagesResearch conducted in Sweden has shown a link between foster care placement during childhood and adult criminality. Two groups were identified, a control group and a treatment group. The control group consisted of individuals that were the same age and gender of the treatment group. The results showed that foster care predicts higher adult criminality for males first placed during adolescence (ages 13ââ¬â18). No significant association for boys who were placed in foster care before age 13 and no significantRead MoreCommon Examples Of Child Protective Service1687 Words à |à 7 Pagesgenerally removed from their home and placed into a foster home i n attempts to keep them safe (Carlson, Egeland Lawrence, 2006). Common examples of Child Protective Service (CPS) referrals include physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological maltreatment (McWey Mullis, 2004). In 2001 it was estimated that nearly 542,000 children were in foster care in the United States and that the number of children in foster care exceeded the number of available foster homes by nearly 30-40% (Carlson, Egeland LawrenceRead MoreLanguage Acquisition With Limited Input : Romanian Institution And Foster Care1121 Words à |à 5 PagesJournal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research an articled titled ââ¬Å"Language Acquisition with Limited Input: Romanian Institution and Foster Careâ⬠. From the Abstract, the purpose of the article is to give detailed information on the development of language abilities on children who have been ââ¬Å"institutionalizedâ⬠(2007, p. 1365). Their participants were grouped into three categories: children growing up in an orphanage, children growing up in foster care (only for one year), and their control groupRead MoreA Deeper Look Into Child Welfare Services1039 Words à |à 5 Pagesare programs designed to protect children. There are foster care, group homes, and other services for children safety. The Child Protective Services in Alabama has the sole purpose of helping children in cases of neglect and abuse (Child Protective Services). These services include foster care programs where children who are at risk of harm from birth family, or who suffers from mental, emotional, or physical issues. These services provide care to all children who meet the state qualifications and
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Cross Culture Management Negotiation Capabilities
Question: Discuss about the Cross Culture Management for Negotiation Capabilities. Answer: Introduction: Reflection on case studies of negotiation simulations from week 9 to 11 depict several insights into the personal capabilities and pitfalls which could be capitalized upon to derive plausible communication skills, efficient conflict resolution and promising intercultural negotiations. Distinct simulations were characterized by the use of communication, negotiation and cultural theories for deriving the desired outcomes. Therefore, in this part of the reflective journal I would illustrate the missing ideal concepts which could have modified the outcomes of the negotiation simulations (Ang, Van Dyne, 2015). The reflection would also provide a cognizable impression of the setbacks in the negotiation process which could be catered in the future to deliver feasible outcomes. Negotiation is associated with communication and has been used in the context of business to solve dilemmas which are detrimental for two or more business organizations or parties. It has been observed in the simulations that intercultural business communication plays a vital role. The sale of the old used car by a local dealer in Newcastle to a Japanese student requires intercultural business communication. Therefore, the scope for universalistic approach in business communication relevant to the specified negotiation scenario suggests the integration of novel aspects in business communication alongside considering the significance of cultural diversity. I was able to observe that some of the simulations were characterized with the universalistic approach which resulted in apprehensions on behalf of either party. This could be perceived as a formidable weakness in my personal capabilities to negotiate. Thereafter the reflection on the development of an interactive phenomenon for communication allows the use of systemic and dynamic perspective in distinct simulations (Bian, Forsythe, 2012). The consideration of cultural definitions of communication enables me to apprehend the basis of intercultural communication and hence I could be able to realize strength in the communication process. From the perspective of communication, I realized majority of weaknesses and strengths upon understanding the model of communication. The model of communication indicated my strengths as the knowledge of the context in which the negotiation is conducted. On the other hand, my lack of experience in professional and individual contexts reflected on my weaknesses in negotiation (Bird, Mendenhall, 2016). Reviewing my negotiation capabilities with respect to culture was possible with the help of references to Halls high and low context theory which depicts the characteristic perception of communication in different cultures as well as the role of proxemics. The integration of cultural contexts in communication is also noted profoundly in the simulation role play. I was able to find that the preferences for low context communication serve as prominent setbacks for my personal capabilities in negotiation. Observation of the simulation for car negotiation conveys that use of low context communication as preferred by the local car dealer for negotiating with a Japanese student belonging to a high context culture accounts for a weakness. Theories indicate that differences between high context and low context cultures indicate are characterized by the formers preferences for development of social trust, agreements on the basis of trust and ritualistic negotiations (Budhwar, Debrah, 2013). On the contrary, low context cultures follow direct approach to business in negotiations which emphasize on performance and expertise. Furthermore, low context cultures are reliant on efficient negotiations along with focus on legal contracts. The formality factor in case of high context cultures is also higher than that of low context cultures and therefore the former are reliant on development of relationships according to high status and new relationships. On the other hand, I was also able to apprehend personal strengths in realizing proxemics as well as avoiding non verbal mishaps effectively in the negotiation simulations. Non verbal mishaps are considered as the major reason of fallout of specific parties in a negotiation due to culturally specific perception of gestures and body language. The approach implemented for verbal communication accounted for use of an interpreter as well as international English as a mode of communication which provides scope for my personal strength in international English. The simulations also indicated that I was able to refrain from any unwanted facial expressions which could affect the outcome of the negotiations (Cankaya, LeFevre, 2016). Thereafter, conversational styles implemented by me were characterized with listening which enabled the other party to understand that I was interested in the communication and thus social trust could obtain specific impetus from this personal strength of mine. Following the references to cultural and communication theories, I was also required to emphasize on the ideal practices cited for negotiation in theory in order to apprehend weaknesses and strengths. The individual stages of negotiation depict the requirements from an expert negotiator which include systems orientation, abundance of informati on, honesty, superior listening skills and maturity. I was able to identify personal traits in context of the indicators of negotiation including time horizon, concern for common objectives, alternative packages preferred and limitations. My agenda for negotiation involved packaging which means that the negotiation would offer benefits to either parties one time in bulk. The emphasis laid by me on the common interests of negotiating parties was strong and my limitations were fixed on goals of the negotiation (Chen, 2013). The different packages suggested for the negotiation in the negotiation process also accounts for strength in personal traits. Therefore, I was able to comprehend certain necessary advantages and setbacks in personal negotiating styles in context of culture, communication and negotiation theories. Suggestions for improvement largely include acquisition of information on various cultures, developing awareness for cultural diversity and demarcate cultural contexts for application in negotiation processes (Chhokar, Brodbeck, House, 2013). The negotiation simulation in week 12 also accounts for illustration of major outcomes specifically referring to the strategies followed for effective realization of negotiation processes. The necessary processes which are required for negotiation primarily include identification of objectives and strategies as well as reasonable approaches to negotiation strategies. The reflection will also cite the distinct stages of the planning process followed in the simulation, thereby indicating the validity of application of strategy in the process. Determination of objectives prior to the negotiation process is a formidable characteristic of a potentially beneficial negotiation process. The objectives are perceived to be a major influence on the strategy of the negotiator which can be observed in the form of direct and indirect effects. First of all, the indirect effects account for development and strengthening of a present relationship. Direct effects include specificity of goals, association of goals of both parties and limitations on the objectives (Joint, 2014). Reviewing the simulation also presents a lucid impression of the difference between strategy, planning and tactics. Tactics are short term initiatives which are generally derived from specific scenarios and they are implemented for the pursuit of broad strategies. I was able to understand that the measures which were defined during the course of the negotiation did not account either for planning or strategy and were tactics which were used in context of the strategy. Strategy is considered as the broad approach implemented for accomplishment of goals (Matsumoto, Hwang, 2013). Strategy has been classified into two categories such as unilateral and bilateral in which the former is characterized by the singular emphasis on personal interests while the latter emphasizes on the influence of others strategy on own interests and objectives. I need to emphasize on the strategy development on a generic basis reflecting on personal characteristics and objectives as well as that of the other party. The effective model which could be used for identifying strategic options reflect on the dual concerns model which recognizes personal stakes as well as the present and future approaches to relationship with other party as the outcomes of the negotiation. Analysis of available strategic option for negotiation alongside the implications of substantial and relative negotiation outcomes in the reflection enabled me to identify the distinct modes of engagement and non engagement. The strategies include four categories such as competition, collaboration, accommodation and avoidance. Avoidance is realized in case the strategy of either party does not lead to promising outcomes (Minkov, Hofstede, 2012). Therefore, my final apprehension in the reflection on simulation exercise in week 12 conveys the distinct steps of ideal negotiation process and the limitations noticed in actual practice. The distinct stages of the negotiation process included preparation, forming relationships, collection of information, utilization of information, offering bids and closing of deals. Finally the agreement reached upon by both parties has to be implemented effectively (Mok, Sparks, Kadampully, 2013). My reflection of the simulation activity suggests limited preparation related to the objectives and strategy of NIDO Petroleum/Gas and JGC Philippines. The construction contract between the companies involved in the negotiation also indicate that the flat fee alongside percentage profit could be beneficial for contractor i.e. JGC while the NIDO Petroleum Limited company presents substantial objections to the percentage due to ambiguity over specifying the profit percentage. Furthermore, implications of the disparities between effective and ineffective strategies perceived in the simulations of week 9 to 11 convey that use of dual concerns model for determination of mutual interests of both parties helps in limiting the insufficiencies in strategic negotiation processes. The use of tactics to resolve the dilemmas during negotiation over contract fee and percentage of profits accounts for effectiveness over the measures followed in simulations during week 9 to11. The reflection on the different simulation sessions also provides a viable impression of ethical issues which are associated with negotiation and the relevant measures which can resolve them. Ethics are considered as widely accepted precedents in the society which define right and wrong actions in specific scenarios. The utilization of ethics as noticed on an overall basis predict the inclusion of a potential understanding of the moral precedent established in an organization, definition of the problem followed by determination of economic outcomes and legal requirements. This process has to be complemented with the inclusion of comprehensive evaluation of ethical duties resulting in proposals for convincing solutions on moral grounds. Ethical issues arising in negotiation are primarily due to use of deceptive tactics and concerned motives for unethical practices (Rao Vajjhala, David Strang, 2014). The motives for unethical conduct include power as well as perception of competitiveness of strategies of the other party. However, negotiators should be aptly aware of the consequences which can be derived from unethical conduct. The consequences are primarily dependent on the context of effectiveness and the reactions of self as well as other entities such as audience. The causes for unethical conduct are also validated on several grounds by practitioners of unethical measures such as harmlessness or compulsion to implement the measure, limitation of negative consequences, and appropriateness of the measure for the situation and initiation of unethical behavior by the other party (Romani, Claes, 2014). Therefore, my reflection of the simulation indicates that negotiators could adopt measures such as inquiries through probing questions and presenting questions in distinct manner, references to the tactic implemented by the other party unethically as well as some choose to respond k indly in order to obtain favorable ethical behavior from the other party. This section of the reflective journal represents a negotiation planning process used for the negotiation simulation in Week 12. Furthermore, the specific references to negotiation roles, responsibilities, strategies and tactics used in the negotiation process (Thomas, Peterson, 2014). Role: I assumed the role of key negotiator in the simulation representing JGC Philippines. Responsibilities: I was responsible for analyzing information related to the other party NIDO Petroleum Limited alongside preparing a viable planning process in order to execute the negotiation. Strategy and tactics: I followed a dual concern model for identification of concerns on behalf of both parties suggestively indicating towards the contracts outcomes such as contract fee, percentage of fee and penalties associated with the contract. My strategy was characterized by emphasis on realization of the collaboration model of negotiation. The tactics implemented by me during the negotiation included review of the past records of association between the two enterprises which enabled to identify common areas of interest such as review of state legislations. My planning process was characterized with the illustrated description of the distinct issues to be addressed in the negotiation process. Thereafter I was able to apprehend the issues on a cumulative basis depicting the bargaining mix. The bargaining mix included the definitions for benefits for either party in the negotiation. References Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. (2015).Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. 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